What is "really alive in the vitellus"? There are a large number of nano-organisms, transmitted by descent, that are capable of fermentation and profound chemical transformations. Antoine Béchamp (1816 - 1908) discovered these small ferments or "microzymas", which he studied at length. They are the vital element at the base of all living matter, and without them no matter could be alive. This booklet describes Antoine Béchamp's approach and insight into understanding living matter, through tenacious and meticulous research and constant questioning, since the discovery of these seemingly unimportant "little bodies" which have turned out to be essential to the life of every living organism. Scientists should be aware of this essential work. This booklet is intended as a summary to help them do just that. A paradigm shift, now inevitable, is within their grasp.